| 123 | |
| Summary | Gut microbes (superkingdom: Bacteria) increase Ritonavir's toxicity. |
| Gut | |
| Ritonavir (PubChem CID: 392622) | |
| Bacteria (Tax ID: 2) | |
| 33964992 | |
| increase toxicity | |
| Possibilities of interaction between traditional herbs and antiviral drugs that used to treat Covid when used in combinations. Traditional Chinese herbs that contain glycoside need to be hydrolyzed by glycosidase in the gut microbiota to more bioavailable and pharmacologically active aglycone like: Polydatin -- B-glucosidase ----> Resveratrol Geniposide -- B-glucosidase ----> Genipin Quercetrin -- α-rhamnosidase--->Quercetin Glycyrrhizin-- B-glucuronidase--> Glycyrrhetinic acid Antiviral drugs (lopinavir, ritonavir, chloroquine, darunavir, ribavirin, arbidol, favipiravir, oseltamivir) could change microbiota composition and its enzyme thereby, inhibiting Chinese medicine activation and leading to toxic product accumulation. Results between 1 to 4 hours of Ritonavir taking aglycon part of negative control as 100% to normalize the concentration: significant reduction in resveratrol. Ritonavir reduces genipin significantly P<0.05. Ritonavir reduces quercetin significantly P<0.05. No significant reduction in Glycyrrhetinic acid. |
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